There are seven distinct types of eczema, each with its own unique set of symptoms and causes.
1. Atopic dermatitis: This is the most common form of eczema, and is often seen in children. It causes an itchy, red rash on the skin, usually on the cheeks, arms, and legs. It can be made worse by environmental triggers such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander.
2. Contact dermatitis: This type of eczema is caused by direct contact with an irritant, such as a soap, detergent, or chemical. It results in an itchy, red rash that can become irritated and painful.
3. Discoid eczema: Also known as nummular eczema, this type of eczema is characterized by coin-shaped patches of itchy, scaly skin. It can be triggered by environmental irritants, such as soaps, detergents, and chemicals.
4. Seborrheic dermatitis: This type of eczema is characterized by a red, itchy rash on the scalp, face, and chest. It is usually caused by a fungus called Malassezia, which is found on the surface of the skin.
5. Varicose eczema: This type of eczema is caused by poor circulation, usually in the legs. It results in a red, itchy rash, and can be made worse by prolonged sitting or standing.
6. Dyshidrotic eczema: This type of eczema is characterized by itchy, fluid-filled blisters on the hands and feet. It is usually caused by stress and can be made worse by exposure to water or sweat.
7. Neurodermatitis: This type of eczema is caused by repeated scratching of the skin, usually due to stress or anxiety. It results in thick, leathery patches of skin and is often very itchy.
Each type of eczema has its own unique set of symptoms and causes, and treatments vary depending on the type. A doctor can help diagnose the type of eczema and recommend the most effective treatment.