Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the thyroid gland, a small gland located in the neck that produces hormones. The condition is becoming increasingly common, with rates of thyroid cancer in the United States more than tripling since 1975.
Causes of Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence
There are several potential causes of the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. One of the most likely causes is improved diagnostic techniques. In the past, thyroid cancer was often not diagnosed until it had progressed to an advanced stage. With the introduction of newer and more sensitive diagnostic tests, such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and nuclear scans, more cases of thyroid cancer can be detected earlier in the disease process.
Improved Treatment Options
In addition to improved diagnostic techniques, advances in treatment have also contributed to the rise in thyroid cancer incidence. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have all become more effective in treating thyroid cancer. This has made it possible to cure more people of the disease, increasing the overall number of diagnosed cases.
Environmental Exposure
Environmental factors may also play a role in the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as PCBs and dioxins, has been linked to an increased risk of developing the condition. Additionally, radiation exposure, such as from nuclear accidents or medical procedures, has been associated with an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.
Genetics
Genetics may also be a factor in the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Certain genetic mutations have been linked to an increased risk of developing the condition, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Additionally, people with certain inherited genetic conditions, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, have an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the increased incidence of thyroid cancer is likely due to a combination of improved diagnostic techniques, advances in treatment, environmental exposures, and genetics. It is important to be aware of the potential risk factors for developing the condition and to seek prompt medical attention if any symptoms of thyroid cancer are present.