Slapped cheek, also known as fifth disease, is so named because it is the fifth in a list of infections that cause a red rash on the skin. It is caused by a virus known as parvovirus B19, which is highly contagious and spreads easily through contact with an infected person's saliva, mucus, or respiratory droplets. The virus affects mainly young children and is usually mild, causing a red rash on the face, followed by a rash on the arms, legs, and trunk.
The name “fifth disease” comes from the fact that it is the fifth in a list of rash-causing illnesses. In the 18th century, physicians listed these illnesses in order of their appearance. Therefore, fifth disease was recognized as the fifth rash-causing illness.
Fifth disease is often mild and most children recover quickly without any long-term effects. However, some adults may experience joint pain and swelling, as well as fatigue, which can last for several weeks. It is important to note that pregnant women who contract fifth disease may experience complications, such as miscarriage or other fetal abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to prevent the spread of fifth disease by washing hands regularly and avoiding contact with infected individuals.