Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. It is most common in children between the ages of two and eight. Although scarlet fever is not as common as it used to be, it can still cause serious complications and should be treated promptly.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of scarlet fever is a red, bumpy rash that covers the body. The rash usually starts on the face and neck, and then spreads to the chest, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include:
Fever: The fever associated with scarlet fever usually lasts for three to five days.
Sore throat: The throat can be red and swollen, and the tongue may be coated with a white film.
Headache: Many people with scarlet fever experience headaches.
Vomiting: Some people may experience vomiting.
Swollen glands: The lymph nodes in the neck can become swollen.
Complications
Although most cases of scarlet fever are mild, some people may experience serious complications. These can include:
Rheumatic fever: This is a potentially serious complication that can cause inflammation and damage to the heart, joints, and brain.
Kidney problems: Some people may experience kidney problems, such as inflammation of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis).
Ear infections: The infection can spread to the middle ear, causing inflammation and pain.
Treatment
Scarlet fever can usually be treated with antibiotics, which can help reduce the risk of complications. It is important to finish the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor.
It is also important to keep the infected person away from others until 24 hours after they start taking antibiotics, as this will help prevent the infection from spreading. It is also important to keep the infected person hydrated and to reduce fever with acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
Prevention
The best way to prevent scarlet fever is to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly and avoiding close contact with anyone who is infected. It is also important to see your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of the infection.