Secondary immunodeficiency is an immune system disorder that occurs when the body's ability to fight off infections is impaired due to certain medical conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Secondary immunodeficiency is also called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is called secondary because it occurs after a person has already developed a primary immune system disorder.
The primary immune system disorder can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, viral infections, and certain medications. When a person's immune system is weakened, it can no longer protect the body from infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses. This can lead to frequent and recurrent infections that are more difficult to treat.
Symptoms of secondary immunodeficiency can include frequent, severe, or recurring infections, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and fever. Diagnosis of secondary immunodeficiency is typically made based on a person's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.
Treatment of secondary immunodeficiency depends on the underlying cause. For example, treatment for HIV/AIDS may include medications to suppress the virus and medications to boost the immune system. Treatment for cancer may include chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery. Treatment for autoimmune diseases may include medications to suppress the immune system and medications to treat the underlying condition.
It is important to note that secondary immunodeficiency is not the same as primary immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiency is a congenital condition in which the immune system is not able to function properly due to a genetic defect. The primary immunodeficiency may be present from birth or may develop later in life. Treatment for primary immunodeficiency typically involves medications to boost the immune system and/or medications to treat the underlying condition.
