What is CML?
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is caused by a genetic mutation in the cells of the bone marrow. These mutated cells produce an abnormal form of white blood cell called the Philadelphia chromosome. As the abnormal cells grow and multiply, they crowd out the normal, healthy cells in the bone marrow, resulting in a decrease in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
How Does CML Cause Anemia?
Anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. In CML, the abnormal white blood cells crowd out the normal, healthy red blood cells in the bone marrow. This reduces the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin, resulting in anemia. Other symptoms of anemia can include fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, dizziness, and chest pain.
Treatment of CML-Related Anemia
Treatment for CML-related anemia depends on the severity of the anemia. Mild anemia may not require any treatment. Moderate to severe anemia may require medication to increase the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Blood transfusions may also be necessary. Additionally, treatment for CML itself is necessary to reduce the number of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. This can help to reduce the crowding of the normal blood cells and allow them to produce more hemoglobin.
