Autoimmune diseases are a group of illnesses that occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own organs, tissues, and cells. Autoimmune diseases can affect almost any part of the body, including the heart, brain, nerves, muscles, skin, eyes, joints, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.
What Causes Autoimmune Diseases?
The cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be involved. Some autoimmune diseases are caused by an inherited genetic defect or abnormality, while others are triggered by an environmental factor, such as a virus or bacteria.
Who Is at Risk for Autoimmune Diseases?
Anyone can develop an autoimmune disease, but some people are more likely to be affected than others. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with an autoimmune disease than men. People of certain racial and ethnic backgrounds, such as African Americans, Asians, and Native Americans, are also at increased risk.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases
The symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary depending on the type of disease and the organs or tissues affected. Some common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain and stiffness, muscle weakness, fever, skin rashes, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases are usually diagnosed based on a patient's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. Treatment may include medications to suppress the immune system, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and surgery.
