Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an increased risk of developing recurrent blood clots and pregnancy complications due to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) in the blood. People with APS often have an increased risk of stroke, heart attack, deep vein thrombosis, and miscarriages.
Who is at Risk for Antiphospholipid Syndrome?
People who are at risk for antiphospholipid syndrome include those with an existing autoimmune disorder, such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, people who have undergone organ transplantation, have a family history of APS, or have a history of certain medications, such as birth control pills, may also be at risk.
Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The diagnosis of APS is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging tests. In addition to the presence of APLs in the blood, APS can be diagnosed if the patient has had two or more unexplained blood clots, or one or more recurrent miscarriages. Imaging tests such as an echocardiogram may also be used to diagnose APS.
Treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Treatment of APS usually involves medications to prevent blood clots and reduce inflammation. These medications may include anticoagulants, such as warfarin or heparin, or anti-inflammatory medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. In addition, lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, smoking cessation, and exercise, may be recommended to reduce the risk of APS-related complications.