Cancer treatment is a complex process that requires the expertise of a variety of medical professionals. The primary health care provider, such as a family doctor or internist, often will diagnose a person's cancer and refer him or her to a specialist for treatment. Depending on the type of cancer and the stage of the disease, a variety of medical professionals may be involved in diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
The individuals who are responsible for diagnosing cancer are typically specialized physicians, such as oncologists. An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These doctors are generally trained in the latest treatments, technologies, and therapies for cancers. Depending on the type of cancer, the patient may need to see a specialist such as a neurologist, gynecologist, or dermatologist.
Testing
In order to diagnose cancer, a doctor will typically order a variety of tests. These tests may include urine and blood tests, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, and biopsies, which involve taking a sample of tissue from the body to examine under a microscope. Once the tests are complete, the doctor can then determine the type and stage of cancer and recommend the best course of treatment.
Treatment
The type of treatment that is recommended for a person's cancer will depend on the type and stage of the cancer. Treatment options can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other forms of therapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended. The doctor will discuss the options with the patient and explain the risks and benefits of each treatment.
Follow-Up Care
Once the initial treatment is completed, the doctor will likely recommend follow-up care. This may include regular check-ups, imaging tests, and blood tests to make sure the cancer has not returned. The doctor will also provide information and advice on lifestyle changes that can help reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.