1. Respiratory Problems
Air pollution can cause a range of respiratory problems, including coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and chest pain. These symptoms can be more severe for those with existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, as well as for the elderly and children. Long-term exposure to polluted air can cause permanent damage to lungs, and even increase the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis.
2. Heart Disease
Exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, including heart attack, stroke, and arrhythmias. Particulate matter, which is one of the most common air pollutants, can cause inflammation in the arteries, which can lead to the formation of plaque in the arteries. This can block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, leading to heart attack or stroke.
3. Cancer
Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including lung and bladder cancer. This is due to the presence of certain chemicals in air pollution, such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These chemicals can damage the cells in the body, leading to the development of cancerous cells.