Ewing's sarcoma, also known as Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), is a rare type of cancer that affects mostly children and young adults. It develops in the bones or in the soft tissues around the bones, such as cartilage or the tissue that covers the surface of bones. It is most commonly found in the arms, legs, ribs, pelvis, and spine.
What Causes Ewing's Sarcoma?
The exact cause of Ewing's sarcoma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a genetic mutation. This mutation affects a gene called EWS, which helps control cell growth. Normally, EWS helps to keep cells from growing and dividing too quickly. But when the gene is mutated, it can cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor.
Where Does Ewing's Sarcoma Start?
Ewing's sarcoma typically starts in the bone or the soft tissues around the bone. It can start anywhere in the body, but it is most commonly found in the arms, legs, ribs, pelvis, and spine.
Who Is at Risk for Ewing's Sarcoma?
Ewing's sarcoma is most common in children and young adults between the ages of 10 and 20. It is also more common in males than in females. Certain genetic conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, can increase the risk of developing Ewing's sarcoma.