A cardiac spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of the heart muscle. It can occur in any part of the heart, but is most common in the left ventricle. The spasm can cause a decrease in blood flow, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and even heart attack.
Symptoms of a Cardiac Spasm
The most common symptom of a cardiac spasm is chest pain, which can range from mild to severe. Other symptoms may include:
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness
• Dizziness
• Fluttering or racing heart rate
• Lightheadedness
• Sweating
Causes of a Cardiac Spasm
The exact cause of a cardiac spasm is not known. Possible causes include:
• Coronary artery spasm (CAS), which is a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
• Abnormal electrical activity in the heart
• High levels of certain hormones
• Certain medications
• Certain recreational drugs
• Excessive alcohol consumption
Diagnosis of a Cardiac Spasm
Diagnosis of a cardiac spasm can be made through a variety of tests, including:
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) – measures the electrical activity of the heart
• Blood tests – to check for signs of heart damage or inflammation
• Cardiac catheterization – to measure the pressure inside the heart
• Angiography – an X-ray of the arteries
• Coronary angiography – an X-ray of the coronary arteries
Treatment of a Cardiac Spasm
Treatment of a cardiac spasm depends on the cause and severity of the spasm. Generally, treatment options include medications, lifestyle changes, and possibly surgery. Medications used to treat cardiac spasms include calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and beta blockers. Lifestyle changes may include quitting smoking, reducing stress, and avoiding certain triggers, such as alcohol and certain medications. Surgery may be necessary to treat a spasm that is caused by a blockage in the arteries.
Prevention of a Cardiac Spasm
The best way to prevent a cardiac spasm is to manage any underlying conditions that may be causing it. This includes eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, not smoking, and managing stress. Avoiding triggers such as alcohol, certain medications, and recreational drugs can also help reduce the risk of a spasm.