Acromegaly and gigantism are two conditions that involve abnormal growth hormone production. Although both involve excessive growth hormone production, they are different in their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Cause
Acromegaly is caused by an excess production of growth hormone after the growth plates in the bones close. This is usually due to a tumor in the pituitary gland, which is the area of the brain that produces growth hormone. Gigantism, on the other hand, is caused by an excess production of growth hormone before the growth plates in the bones close. This is usually due to a tumor in the hypothalamus, which is the area of the brain that regulates the release of growth hormone.
Symptoms
The symptoms of acromegaly and gigantism are similar, but they can be more pronounced in one than the other. Common symptoms of both conditions include unusual facial features, increased body size, and increased sweating. People with acromegaly may also experience an increase in the size of their hands and feet, as well as an enlarged tongue, jaw, and forehead. People with gigantism may experience an increase in the size of their hands and feet, as well as an enlarged nose and chin.
Treatment
The treatment for acromegaly and gigantism is the same. Surgery is usually necessary to remove the tumor causing the excess growth hormone production. Additionally, medications to control the growth hormone levels may be prescribed. Radiation therapy may also be used to reduce the tumor size and slow or stop the production of growth hormone. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy may be needed to replace the growth hormone that is lost.