Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the development of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). These antibodies are thought to damage blood vessels, leading to clot formation, leading to recurrent blood clots, organ damage, and other complications. The exact cause of APS is not known, but there are some known triggers that may increase the risk of developing it.
What are the Known Triggers of APS?
Certain infections, such as HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis, are thought to trigger APS. Other triggers include medications, such as hydralazine, procainamide, and quinidine. Other potential triggers include the use of birth control pills, certain vaccines, and surgery.
What are the Symptoms of APS?
The most common symptom of APS is recurrent blood clots, which can cause stroke, pulmonary embolism, heart attack, and other complications. Other symptoms include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, and joint pain.
How is APS Diagnosed?
APS is usually diagnosed through a blood test that looks for aPL antibodies. If these antibodies are present, additional tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include a clotting time test, a lupus anticoagulant test, and a platelet count.
How is APS Treated?
Treatment of APS typically involves the use of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin or heparin, to reduce the risk of blood clots. Additionally, other medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation, and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, may be recommended.