Brain Death Tests
Brain death is defined as the complete and irreversible loss of all brain and brainstem functions. To confirm brain death, various tests are needed to show that the brain has stopped functioning permanently.
Apnea Test
The apnea test is the most commonly used test to confirm brain death. During the test, a patient is disconnected from a ventilator and oxygen is withheld for a period of two to three minutes. If the patient does not take a breath during this time, it is assumed that the brain stem has stopped functioning.
EEG Test
An electroencephalography (EEG) test is also used to confirm brain death. This test measures electrical activity in the brain and can detect whether or not there is any activity. If there is no activity, it is an indication that the brain stem has stopped functioning.
MRI/CT Scan
An MRI or CT scan can also be used to confirm brain death. These scans can show if the brain has been damaged due to trauma or illness. If the scan reveals that the brain has suffered extensive damage, it is an indication that brain death has occurred.
Blood Tests
Blood tests can be used to measure levels of certain chemicals in the blood that indicate brain death. These tests measure the levels of glucose, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the blood. Low levels of these substances are a sign that the brain has stopped functioning.
Neurological Exam
A neurological exam can also be used to confirm brain death. During this exam, a doctor will check the patient’s reflexes and other neurological responses. If there is no response to any of these tests, it is an indication that the brain stem has stopped functioning.