Lack of homogentisate oxidase, also known as alcaptonuria, is a rare genetic disorder that prevents the body from breaking down certain substances. As a result, these substances can build up in the body, causing a range of symptoms. If left untreated, alcaptonuria can lead to serious complications, including joint and heart problems.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of alcaptonuria is dark urine. People with this disorder may also experience joint pain, vision problems, and heart problems. Other symptoms can include discoloration of the skin and eyes, fatigue, and abnormal bone development.
Diagnosis
Alcaptonuria is usually diagnosed through a urine test. This test measures the amount of homogentisic acid in the urine. If the levels are higher than normal, it may indicate alcaptonuria. A blood test can also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for alcaptonuria usually involves dietary changes. This includes limiting foods that contain tyrosine and phenylalanine, as well as avoiding foods that contain high levels of homogentisic acid. People with alcaptonuria may also need to take supplements to replace lost nutrients. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce symptoms.
Complications
If left untreated, alcaptonuria can lead to serious complications. These can include joint problems, such as arthritis and joint deformities. It can also lead to heart problems, vision problems, and abnormal bone development. People with alcaptonuria should be monitored closely by their doctor to ensure that any complications are identified and treated promptly.