Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) is a neurological disorder that affects the brain and spine. It occurs when the lower part of the cerebellum (the area of the brain responsible for coordination and balance) protrudes into the upper part of the spinal canal. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, balance problems, difficulty swallowing, and weakness in the arms and legs.
Symptoms of Arnold-Chiari Malformation
The most common symptoms of ACM are headaches, dizziness, balance problems, and difficulty swallowing. Other symptoms may include weakness in the arms and legs, loss of sensation or feeling in the arms and legs, muscle spasms, neck and back pain, and fatigue.
Diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari Malformation
ACM is usually diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, and a neurological exam. The imaging tests allow doctors to see the brain and spine, and the neurological exam allows them to measure muscle strength, reflexes, and other neurological functions.
Treatment of Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Treatment for ACM typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and pain, as well as physical therapy to help improve muscle strength and balance. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the malformation.