Pneumonia is a serious respiratory illness that can cause numerous complications, some of which can be life-threatening. The most serious complication of pneumonia is sepsis, a potentially fatal condition that occurs when an infection in the lungs enters the bloodstream and causes inflammation throughout the body. Other serious complications include respiratory failure, where the lungs are unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, and pleural effusion, where fluid from the lungs accumulates in the chest cavity.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of pneumonia that occurs when an infection in the lungs enters the bloodstream and causes inflammation throughout the body. Sepsis can occur at any age, but it is particularly common and serious in young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, confusion, low blood pressure, and pale or mottled skin. Without prompt treatment, sepsis can lead to organ failure and death.
Respiratory Failure
Respiratory failure is a serious complication of pneumonia that occurs when the lungs are unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Symptoms of respiratory failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and confusion. Respiratory failure can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pneumonia, and can be exacerbated by certain medications or conditions such as asthma. Treatment for respiratory failure involves providing supplemental oxygen and administering medications to assist with breathing.
Pleural Effusion
Pleural effusion is a serious complication of pneumonia that occurs when fluid from the lungs accumulates in the chest cavity. This fluid can interfere with breathing and cause chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment for pleural effusion usually involves draining the fluid from the chest cavity. In some cases, the underlying cause of the fluid accumulation may need to be treated as well, such as with antibiotics for pneumonia.