Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty in swallowing. This medical condition can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions and can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. The most common cause of dysphagia is a neurological condition, such as a stroke, a brain or spinal cord injury, or Parkinson’s disease. Other possible causes of dysphagia include physical obstructions, such as a tumor, a narrowing of the throat due to scarring, or an accumulation of saliva or mucus in the throat. Dysphagia can also be caused by certain medications, infections, and autoimmune disorders.
Risk Factors for Dysphagia
There are several factors that can increase the risk of dysphagia. These include age, as dysphagia is more common in older adults; certain medical conditions, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis; and previous surgeries or treatments involving the head or neck. Smoking, alcohol use, and certain medications can also increase the risk of dysphagia.
Diagnosing Dysphagia
If you experience difficulty swallowing, it is important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible. Your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms. They may also order tests, such as a barium swallow, a videofluoroscopic swallow study, or a contrast swallow study, to check for any physical obstructions in the throat or esophagus.
Treatment for Dysphagia
The treatment for dysphagia will depend on the underlying cause. For example, if the dysphagia is caused by a physical obstruction, such as a tumor, the doctor may recommend surgery to remove the obstruction. If the dysphagia is caused by a neurological condition, the doctor may recommend medications or physical therapy. In some cases, swallowing exercises or a change in diet may also be recommended.