Atrial Fibrillation: An Overview
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of irregular heartbeat that can lead to serious health complications, including stroke, heart failure, and even death. AF is the most common type of arrhythmia, affecting approximately 2.7 million Americans. It occurs when the heart's rhythm becomes too fast or too slow, and it can cause blood to pool in the heart, leading to the formation of blood clots.
Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is most common in older adults, but it can occur in younger people as well. Risk factors for developing AF include:
• Age: The risk of developing AF increases with age.
• High blood pressure: People with high blood pressure are more likely to develop AF.
• Coronary artery disease: People with coronary artery disease are more likely to develop AF.
• Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea increases the risk of developing AF.
• Heart failure: People with heart failure are more likely to develop AF.
• Diabetes: Diabetes increases the risk of developing AF.
• Genetics: Some people are predisposed to developing AF due to genetic factors.
Complications of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation can lead to a variety of serious complications, including:
• Stroke: People with AF are five times more likely to have a stroke.
• Heart failure: AF can lead to weakening of the heart muscle, leading to heart failure.
• Blood clots: AF can lead to blood clots forming in the heart, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.
• Palpitations: People with AF may experience palpitations, which can be uncomfortable and even frightening.
Most Common Cause of Death in Atrial Fibrillation
The most common cause of death in people with atrial fibrillation is stroke. Approximately 15-20% of all strokes are caused by AF. Stroke is a medical emergency, and if left untreated, it can lead to death. Other causes of death in people with AF include heart failure, development of blood clots, and sudden cardiac death.