Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disorder that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. The exact mortality rate of AIHA is difficult to determine due to the rarity of the disease and the fact that it is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. However, studies have estimated that the mortality rate for AIHA is between 6-8%. This rate is higher in patients with severe disease, those who are not treated or poorly treated, and those with underlying medical conditions.
Risk Factors for Mortality
Patients with AIHA are at an increased risk of mortality due to a variety of factors, including:
* Age: AIHA is more commonly seen in older adults, with a higher mortality rate in those over the age of 65.
* Severity of Disease: Patients with severe AIHA are more likely to experience complications and have a higher mortality rate.
* Treatment: Untreated or poorly treated AIHA can lead to serious complications and an increased risk of death.
* Co-existing Medical Conditions: Patients with co-existing medical conditions, such as cancer or HIV, are at a higher risk of mortality from AIHA.
Preventing Mortality
Fortunately, AIHA is a treatable condition and mortality can be prevented with proper diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to reducing the mortality rate associated with AIHA. Treatment usually involves immunosuppressive medications to reduce the body's attack on its own red blood cells, as well as supportive care to manage any associated symptoms. Patients should also be closely monitored for any signs of complications, such as infection or anemia.
