Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It can also affect other joints, causing pain and stiffness. The main marker for ankylosing spondylitis is the presence of spinal inflammation, which is usually seen on X-rays and MRI scans. Other signs and symptoms of AS include:
• Pain and stiffness in the lower back, buttocks, and hips
• Difficulty bending or straightening the back
• Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Eye inflammation
• Joint swelling
• Reduced chest expansion due to spine stiffness
• Unexplained joint pain in other parts of the body
• Reduced ability to move the neck or upper back
In addition to imaging studies, a doctor may also order blood tests to look for elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevated levels of these markers may indicate the presence of inflammation in the body, which can be due to ankylosing spondylitis. In some cases, a doctor may also order a genetic test to look for evidence of a mutation in the HLA-B27 gene, which is found in more than 90% of people with ankylosing spondylitis.
AS is a long-term condition that cannot be cured, but treatments can help manage the symptoms and prevent further damage. These treatments may include physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to get a proper diagnosis and begin treatment.