The main cause of sleep apnea is believed to be obstruction of the airway due to the relaxation of the upper airway muscles during sleep. This obstruction can occur due to anatomical changes, such as a deviated septum, enlarged tonsils, or a large tongue. It can also occur due to obesity, as excess fat in the neck can narrow the airway. Certain medications, alcohol, and smoking can also contribute to sleep apnea, as they can relax the upper airway muscles. In some cases, sleep apnea can be caused by an underlying medical condition, such as hypothyroidism, chronic sinusitis, or heart failure.
The most common form of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is caused by the blockage of the airway due to the relaxation of the upper airway muscles. This type of sleep apnea is usually associated with snoring or pauses in breathing during sleep. Other forms of sleep apnea include central sleep apnea (CSA), which is caused by a miscommunication between the brain and the muscles that control breathing, and complex sleep apnea, which is a combination of OSA and CSA.
No matter the cause, sleep apnea can have serious consequences if left untreated. It can lead to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, memory problems, and other health issues. If you suspect you may have sleep apnea, speak to your doctor. They can help diagnose the condition and recommend the best course of treatment.