Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that can lead to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. The latest treatments for asthma focus on symptom-based therapies, lifestyle changes, and airway-targeted treatments.
Symptom-based therapies involve the use of inhalers, oral medications, and nebulizers to reduce symptoms. Inhalers can be used to deliver two types of medication: short-acting bronchodilators, which provide relief of symptoms during an asthma attack; and corticosteroids, which can reduce inflammation and help prevent future attacks. Oral medications, such as leukotriene modifiers, theophylline, and cromolyn sodium, can also be taken to help reduce asthma symptoms. Nebulizers are also used to deliver medications directly to the lungs, which can help reduce symptoms and prevent attacks.
Lifestyle changes are also important for managing asthma. These include avoiding triggers such as dust, pet dander, and smoke, as well as exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet. It is also important to learn how to recognize the early signs of an asthma attack so that treatment can be started quickly.
Airway-targeted treatments are also used to reduce the severity of asthma attacks. These treatments include inhaled corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation in the airways; long-acting bronchodilators, which help to keep the airways open; and biologics, which target specific proteins in the body that are involved in the inflammation process.
In addition to these treatments, it is important for people with asthma to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan that is tailored to their specific needs. With proper treatment, people with asthma can lead active and healthy lives.