Acid reflux, also called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This causes a burning sensation in the throat or chest known as heartburn. The symptoms of acid reflux can range from mild to severe and can occur at any time of day or night.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux
The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn. Other symptoms include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, a sour taste in the mouth, and a feeling of food being stuck in the throat. Some people may also experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a chronic cough.
Treatments for Acid Reflux
The most common treatments for acid reflux are lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes include avoiding acidic foods and beverages, quitting smoking, and eating smaller meals. Medications used to treat acid reflux include antacids, proton pump inhibitors, H2-blockers, and promotility agents.
The Last Stage of Acid Reflux
The last stage of acid reflux is called refractory GERD. This is when the condition does not respond to lifestyle changes or medications. Refractory GERD can be treated with surgery, but this is usually a last resort. Surgery is typically used to tighten the lower esophageal sphincter and prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus.