COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus. It has been increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19, especially those who have severe illness and prolonged hospital stays. The incidence of CAPA in COVID-19 patients is not known, as it is a relatively new disease and there is limited data on its occurrence.
Incidence of CAPA in COVID-19 Patients
Studies suggest that the incidence of CAPA in COVID-19 patients varies widely, from 0.6% to 6% depending on the study. Studies have also shown that the incidence of CAPA increases with prolonged hospital stays and severe illness. The average length of hospital stay for patients with CAPA is longer than for those without, and mortality rates are also higher.
Risk Factors for CAPA in COVID-19 Patients
Several risk factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing CAPA in COVID-19 patients. These include advanced age, male gender, and certain comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and immunocompromised states. Other risk factors include prolonged hospital stay, mechanical ventilation, and corticosteroid use.
Diagnosis and Treatment of CAPA in COVID-19 Patients
The diagnosis of CAPA is based on clinical suspicion and imaging findings. Treatment of CAPA in COVID-19 patients usually involves antifungal agents such as voriconazole or posaconazole, along with supportive care.
Conclusion
COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is an emerging infectious disease that is increasingly being reported in COVID-19 patients. The incidence of CAPA in COVID-19 patients is not known, but is thought to be higher in those with prolonged hospital stays and severe illness. Risk factors for CAPA in COVID-19 patients include advanced age, male gender, and certain comorbidities. Diagnosis and treatment of CAPA in COVID-19 patients involves antifungal agents and supportive care.