The genotype of an albino child is two mutated recessive alleles of the gene that produces melanin, the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color. This gene mutation is responsible for the albino's lack of pigmentation, resulting in the characteristic white hair and skin, and pink or blue eyes.
In order to be an albino, a person must have two mutated alleles of the gene, meaning that the person must have two copies of the mutation. This is known as being homozygous for the albinism trait. In scientific terms, the genotype of a person with albinism is usually expressed as "aa", with "a" representing the mutated recessive allele. If a person receives one mutated allele from one parent, and one normal allele from the other parent, they would be heterozygous for albinism and their genotype would be "Aa".
In some rare cases, a person with an albinism genotype may show some pigmentation, as is seen in oculocutaneous albinism, where pigment is present in the eyes, hair or skin. In this case, the genotype of the albino may be "Aa", with "A" representing the normal allele.
It is important to remember that an albino's genotype is not the only factor that determines their physical characteristics; environmental factors such as sun exposure and nutrition also play a role.