First-line management of asthma typically includes education about asthma, lifestyle changes, and the use of inhaled bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory medications, and other medications. Education should include information about asthma triggers, the importance of adhering to a prescribed treatment plan, and the need for regular follow-up with a healthcare provider.
Lifestyle Changes
Patients should be counseled to avoid known asthma triggers, such as allergens, irritants, and certain medications. Additionally, they should be advised to maintain a healthy weight, engage in regular physical activity, and practice stress-reduction techniques.
Inhaled Bronchodilators
Inhaled bronchodilators—such as short-acting beta2-agonists and anticholinergics—are commonly used to treat acute asthma symptoms. They can also be used on an as-needed basis to alleviate symptoms and prevent exacerbations.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers are anti-inflammatory medications that are used to control asthma symptoms and reduce airway inflammation. These medications are typically taken in the form of inhaled corticosteroids, oral corticosteroids, or leukotriene modifiers.
Other Medications
Other medications, such as theophylline, cromolyn sodium, and omalizumab, may also be used to manage asthma symptoms. The type and dose of medication used will depend on the patient’s individual condition and response to treatment.