The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) defines alcoholism as a substance-related disorder that is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking.
Alcoholism is considered a primary, chronic illness that is characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not using alcohol. It is associated with serious health consequences, including the risk of developing many medical illnesses, such as liver cirrhosis, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and depression.
The DSM-V distinguishes between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcohol abuse is characterized by recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. It is also characterized by recurrent alcohol-related legal problems, such as being arrested for driving under the influence (DUI). Alcohol dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of drinking that is characterized by tolerance, withdrawal, and the inability to reduce or stop drinking. It is also characterized by drinking large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, drinking that leads to physical or psychological problems, and drinking to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms.
In addition, the DSM-V includes criteria for diagnosing alcohol use disorder, which is a combination of alcohol abuse and dependence. A person must meet two of the 11 criteria within a 12-month period to be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. These criteria include increased tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop drinking.
In conclusion, the DSM-V defines alcoholism as a primary, chronic illness characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol intake, and negative emotional states when not using alcohol. It is associated with serious health consequences and is divided into alcohol abuse and dependency, with criteria for diagnosing alcohol use disorder.