Cytosilicosis is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lysosomal storage of the cell. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme cystosine deaminase, which is responsible for breaking down the amino acid cystosine. The mutation disrupts the normal function of the enzyme and leads to an accumulation of cystosine in the cells.
The symptoms of cytosilicosis vary depending on the severity of the mutation, but can include severe mental and physical impairments, as well as organ damage. Most commonly, individuals with the disorder experience neurological and developmental delays, seizures, and progressive cognitive decline. Other symptoms can include hearing loss, vision impairment, heart and kidney abnormalities, and gastrointestinal issues.
The diagnosis of cytosilicosis is based on clinical presentation and genetic testing. Treatment is focused on managing the symptoms associated with the disorder, as there is no cure. Treatment may include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medical management of seizures and other medical issues.
Cytosilicosis is an extremely rare disorder, and as a result, there is a lack of research and information available on the disorder. However, due to advances in genetic testing, more individuals with the disorder are being identified, which is providing more insight into the disorder and its effects.