Pneumonia is an infectious disease that affects the lungs. It is a serious illness caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It can also be caused by chemical or physical irritants. It is characterized by inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs, which can lead to difficulty breathing, chest pain, and coughing with mucus.
The most common causes of pneumonia are bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and viruses, including influenza and the common cold. Other causes include fungi, such as Aspergillus, and parasites, such as Pneumocystis.
The symptoms of pneumonia depend on the cause of the infection, the age of the patient, and their overall health. Common symptoms include fever, chills, chest pain, coughing with mucus, shortness of breath, fatigue, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and other neurological symptoms can occur.
Treatment for pneumonia depends on the cause of the infection. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics, while virus-caused pneumonias are usually treated with supportive care. This may include fluids, rest, and oxygen therapy. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed.
It is important to seek medical attention if you have any symptoms of pneumonia, as it can be a life-threatening illness if not treated promptly.