The Coombs test is a laboratory test used to detect antibodies on red blood cells. It is used to diagnose hemolytic anemia, a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed by the body's own immune system. It is also used to detect an antibody-mediated transfusion reaction, which occurs when incompatible blood types are transfused.
What is a Coombs Test?
The Coombs test is a type of laboratory test that is used to detect antibodies on the surface of red blood cells. It is also known as the direct antiglobulin test (DAT), or the direct Coombs test. The test is performed by adding antibodies to a sample of the patient's red blood cells. If the antibodies bind to the red blood cells, then it is an indication that the patient has an immunologic disorder.
What is a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction?
A hemolytic transfusion reaction is an adverse reaction that occurs as a result of incompatible blood types being transfused. It can cause an allergic reaction, fever, chills, nausea, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure. If left untreated, it can be fatal.
Why is the Coombs Test Used for Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions?
The Coombs test helps to diagnose a hemolytic transfusion reaction by detecting antibodies on the surface of the red blood cells. If an antibody is present, then it is an indication that the blood types are incompatible and that a transfusion reaction has occurred. The test also helps to determine whether the antibodies are of an IgG or IgM type, which can help to guide treatment.
