Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria known as Actinomyces. It most commonly affects the tissues of the mouth, throat, and lungs, but can also affect other areas of the body, such as the abdomen. The clinical findings of actinomycosis can vary depending on the affected area, but generally include pain, swelling, and the formation of pus-filled abscesses.
In the mouth, throat, and lungs, actinomycosis can cause chronic and persistent infection with ulcers, nodules, and abscesses. The infection can also cause difficulty in swallowing and breathing, as well as a persistent sore throat. In other areas of the body, actinomycosis can cause fever, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
On physical examination, actinomycosis may result in the presence of swollen lymph nodes, tender and red lesions, and sometimes fistulas. The abscesses formed by the infection are typically firm and fluctuant, and may be filled with yellow or gray matter that is stringy in appearance.
In addition to physical examination, imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRI, may be used to diagnose actinomycosis. These imaging studies can reveal the presence of abscesses and can also be used to differentiate actinomycosis from other infections.
Laboratory tests, such as blood tests and cultures, may also be used to diagnose and monitor the progress of actinomycosis. Blood tests can be used to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacteria responsible for the infection, while cultures can be used to isolate and identify the bacteria.
The treatment of actinomycosis typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as penicillin, and surgical drainage of any abscesses. In some cases, additional treatments, such as radiation therapy, may be necessary.