Hemolytic anemia is classified into two main types: autoimmune and non-autoimmune.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy red blood cells. It is further divided into two subtypes: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed at normal body temperature. It is most common in older adults and is often caused by certain medications or infections.
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed at lower temperatures than normal body temperature, typically when the body is exposed to cold temperatures. This type of hemolytic anemia is more common in children and young adults.
Non-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by an underlying condition that affects red blood cells, such as:
Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Mechanical Damage Red blood cells can be damaged or destroyed by mechanical forces, such as those caused by a heart valve defect or a trauma.
Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Enzyme Deficiencies Certain enzymes are necessary for the production and maintenance of red blood cells. A deficiency in these enzymes can lead to hemolytic anemia.
Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Infections Certain infections, such as malaria or bacterial infections, can cause hemolytic anemia.
Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Drugs Certain medications can cause hemolytic anemia, such as certain antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antiretroviral agents.
