Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that originates in the nerve cells located in the adrenal glands, chest, neck, and spine. It is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in children, with an estimated 800 to 1,000 cases diagnosed in the United States each year.
The exact cause of neuroblastoma is not known, but researchers believe it is related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors play a role in the development of neuroblastoma. Mutations of certain genes, such as ALK, MYCN, and PHOX2B, have been linked to the disease. These mutations can be inherited or can occur spontaneously during the development of an embryo.
Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain toxins or radiation, may also be involved in the development of neuroblastoma. For example, a mother’s exposure to certain pesticides or hazardous chemicals during pregnancy may increase her child’s risk for the disease. Additionally, infants born prematurely or with a low birth weight may also be at an increased risk for neuroblastoma.
In some cases, neuroblastoma may be caused by a rare inherited disorder called neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This condition is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which is responsible for controlling cell growth. People with NF1 have an increased risk of developing neuroblastoma, especially if they are also exposed to environmental factors such as radiation or toxins.
Overall, the exact cause of neuroblastoma is still unknown. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as mutations in certain genes, exposure to certain toxins or radiation, and having a rare inherited disorder like NF1 may all contribute to the development of this disease.