Arnold Chiari is a medical condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination, descends into the spinal canal. This can cause a range of symptoms, including headaches, problems with movement and balance, nerve pain, and difficulty swallowing.
What Causes Arnold Chiari?
Arnold Chiari is usually caused by an abnormality in the structure of the brain and spinal cord, although it can also be caused by a genetic condition or an injury. The exact cause of Arnold Chiari is not known, but there are some factors that may be associated with it. These include:
• Brain or spinal cord abnormalities, such as a malformation of the skull or a condition called hydrocephalus, in which there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the skull.
• Genetic conditions, such as Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
• An injury to the head or neck.
• Birth trauma, such as a difficult or prolonged delivery.
• Infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis.
Diagnosis of Arnold Chiari
Arnold Chiari is usually diagnosed through imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, which can show the displacement of the cerebellum. Other tests, such as an electromyogram (EMG) or a nerve conduction test, may be used to assess nerve damage.
Treatment of Arnold Chiari
The treatment for Arnold Chiari depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. In some cases, medication can be used to reduce the symptoms. Surgery may be recommended for more severe cases. The goal of surgery is to relieve the pressure on the brain and spinal cord and restore normal brain and spinal cord function.