Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is a type of cancer that affects the immune system, specifically the T cells, a type of white blood cell that is involved in the body's immune response. AITL is one of the most aggressive forms of NHL and is usually found in older adults.
The exact cause of AITL is unknown. It is believed to be related to abnormal T cells that have a tendency to divide rapidly. This can lead to an accumulation of abnormal T cells in the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs. It is possible that genetic mutations play a role in the development of AITL. Additionally, some research suggests that certain viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), may increase the risk of developing AITL.
Risk Factors
AITL is most common in individuals over the age of 60. It is also more common in men than women. Other risk factors for AITL include having certain types of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Sjögren's syndrome, and having a history of certain types of infections, such as hepatitis C or HIV.
Symptoms
The symptoms of AITL vary depending on the location and severity of the disease. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes. In some cases, AITL can cause organ damage, which can lead to further health complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment
AITL is usually diagnosed using a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Treatment for AITL typically includes chemotherapy or radiation. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may also be recommended. Additionally, medications that suppress the immune system may be used to help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.