Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, a type of bacteria that is normally found in the human mouth, nose, and intestine. The infection typically starts in the mouth, throat, or lungs, but can spread to other parts of the body, including the skin and other organs. The most common symptom of actinomycosis is a slowly growing lump or abscess on the skin or in the tissue beneath the skin. Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, chills, night sweats, and weight loss.
Causes of Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is caused by bacteria from the Actinomyces genus, which is typically found in the human mouth, nose, and intestine. The bacteria can enter the body through a break in the skin or through the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, throat, or lungs. The bacteria can also spread through the lymphatic system or through the blood.
Risk Factors for Actinomycosis
Certain conditions increase a person's risk of developing actinomycosis. These include poor dental hygiene, recent dental or surgical procedures, and a weakened immune system due to HIV/AIDS, cancer, or medications such as steroids or chemotherapy.
Diagnosis of Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can resemble other conditions. To diagnose actinomycosis, a doctor may order a blood test, a urine test, a chest X-ray, or a CT scan. The doctor may also take a sample of the affected tissue for a biopsy.
Treatment of Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is usually treated with antibiotics, which can be given orally or intravenously. Surgery may also be necessary to remove any affected tissue. In some cases, surgery may be followed by radiation therapy.