The basic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis usually involves a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and other therapies. Medications typically prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologics. Lifestyle changes may include exercise, stress reduction, and dietary changes. Additionally, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other treatments may be recommended.
Medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed medications for rheumatoid arthritis. They reduce inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications. They are usually taken orally or injected directly into the joint. Common corticosteroids include prednisone and methylprednisolone.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Examples of DMARDs include methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine.
Biologics are a newer type of medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They work by blocking specific proteins in the body that cause inflammation. Examples of biologics include adalimumab, tocilizumab, and abatacept.
Lifestyle Changes
Exercise is an important part of managing rheumatoid arthritis. Low-impact activities like swimming, walking, and cycling can help reduce pain and stiffness. It is important to talk to a doctor or physical therapist to determine what type of exercise is best for an individual.
Stress reduction is also important for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
Dietary changes, such as avoiding certain foods that may trigger inflammation or following an anti-inflammatory diet, may also be beneficial.
Other Treatments
Physical therapy can help people with rheumatoid arthritis improve range of motion, strength, and overall function. Occupational therapy can teach people how to use assistive devices and modify activities to make them easier to do.
Complementary therapies, such as massage, acupuncture, and herbal supplements, may also be beneficial for some people. It is important to talk to a doctor before beginning any complementary therapy.
In some cases, surgery may be recommended to repair or replace damaged joints. Surgery is usually only recommended if other treatments have not been successful.