Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are areas of skin damage caused by a lack of blood flow to the affected area. This lack of blood flow is caused by unrelieved pressure on the skin and underlying soft tissue. Prolonged periods of pressure on the skin can cause the skin to break down, resulting in an ulcer. Pressure ulcers are most commonly found on areas of the body where there is a bony prominence, such as the hip, heel, ankle, shoulder, and elbow. People who are unable to change their position due to medical conditions, such as paralysis, are at a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers.
The basic cause of pressure ulcers is prolonged pressure on the skin, which can be due to a number of reasons. For example, sitting or lying in the same position for an extended period of time can cause pressure on the skin, as can wearing tight clothing or using a wheelchair without properly cushioned seating. Those with medical conditions such as paralysis or obesity are also at a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers, as they are often unable to move and reposition themselves as needed.
In addition to the prolonged pressure on the skin, other factors that can contribute to the development of pressure ulcers include poor nutrition, dehydration, and limited access to medical care. Poor nutrition can lead to weakened skin, which is more vulnerable to pressure-related damage, while dehydration can cause the skin to become dry and brittle, making it more prone to breakdown. Finally, limited access to medical care can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment, increasing the chances of a pressure ulcer becoming more severe.
