Testicular feminization, also known as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the reproductive system in genetically male individuals. People with AIS have XY chromosomes, but their bodies are resistant to androgens, the hormones responsible for male sexual development, causing them to develop a female appearance.
AIS occurs when the androgen receptor gene does not function properly. This gene is responsible for telling cells in the body how to respond to androgens. As a result, the body does not recognize these hormones, and does not respond to them as it should. This can cause a range of physical characteristics, including a female-appearing body despite the presence of testes.
In addition to having a female-appearing body, those with AIS may have a wide range of other physical characteristics. This includes a lack of breast development, a shorter stature, and a lack of axillary and pubic hair. Some may also have ambiguous genitalia, and may experience infertility due to the lack of functioning reproductive organs.
Due to the physical characteristics caused by AIS, individuals may experience social and psychological effects. This can include feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety. It is important for individuals with AIS to have access to mental health support to help them cope with these issues.
Treatment for AIS is based on the individual's needs. Hormone therapies can be used to help promote physical development and correct any gender-related issues. Surgery may also be used to help with fertility issues. It is important for individuals to discuss their treatment options with their doctor to make sure they receive the best care for their specific situation.