Scoliosis is a common condition that causes the spine to curve to one side. It is typically classified as either idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown, or neuromuscular, meaning the cause is related to the nervous system or muscles.
Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, and is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis is still unknown, though research suggests that certain genetic factors may play a role. It is more common in girls than in boys, and usually appears during adolescence.
Neuromuscular scoliosis is usually caused by a birth defect or a neurological disorder such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida. In some cases, it can be caused by an injury or infection to the spine.
Scoliosis can also be caused by certain medical conditions, such as tumors, infections, or metabolic disorders. In these cases, the scoliosis may be secondary to the condition and not the primary cause.
In rare cases, scoliosis may be caused by a structural issue, such as a herniated disc or a defect in the bones of the spine.
No matter what the cause of scoliosis may be, early detection and treatment are important for maintaining spine health and preventing the progression of the condition. Treatments may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity of the curvature.