Intrinsic and extrinsic hemolytic anemia are two types of anemia, characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, or hemolysis, that occur for different reasons. Hemolytic anemia is caused by either a breakdown in the body’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells, or by a destruction of existing red blood cells by an external force. In both cases, the body’s ability to transport oxygen throughout the body is affected.
Intrinsic Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic hemolytic anemia is a disorder that occurs when the red blood cells are destroyed by the body’s own immune system. This is usually caused by a problem with the production of the red blood cells or their structure. Common causes of intrinsic hemolytic anemia include hereditary disorders such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, as well as autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Extrinsic Hemolytic Anemia
Extrinsic hemolytic anemia is caused by external forces acting on the red blood cells, rather than any internal problem. This type of hemolytic anemia is usually caused by infections, medications, toxins, or physical trauma. Examples of extrinsic hemolytic anemia include infections like malaria, medications such as penicillin, toxins like snake venom, and physical trauma such as a splenic rupture.
Both intrinsic and extrinsic hemolytic anemia can cause significant health problems, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and jaundice. Treatment of hemolytic anemia will depend on the type and cause, and may include medications, blood transfusions, and lifestyle changes.
