Immunoglobulin (Ig) diseases are a group of disorders that affect the immune system. They are caused by deficiencies or abnormalities in the production of immunoglobulins, which are specialized proteins that help the body to fight off infections and other diseases. The most common Ig diseases are primary immunodeficiency (PID), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA).
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to create enough immunoglobulins to fight off infections. It can be caused by a variety of genetic mutations, and there are several different types of PID. Symptoms may include frequent and recurrent bacterial and viral infections, as well as chronic inflammation. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, or a bone marrow transplant.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce enough immunoglobulins. It is the most common form of primary immunodeficiency. Symptoms may include recurrent bacterial and viral infections, as well as chronic inflammation. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, or a bone marrow transplant.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to produce enough immunoglobulins. It is caused by a mutation in the BTK gene and is more common in males than females. Symptoms may include recurrent bacterial and viral infections, as well as chronic inflammation. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, or a bone marrow transplant.
Overall, immunoglobulin diseases are a group of disorders caused by deficiencies or abnormalities in the production of immunoglobulins, which are important for fighting off infections and other diseases. There are several different types of Ig diseases, including primary immunodeficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Treatment options for Ig diseases may include medications, lifestyle changes, or a bone marrow transplant.