Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system and weakens a person’s ability to fight infections and diseases. HIV is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is spread through contact with the blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk of an infected person. Once a person is infected with HIV, the virus stays in the body for life and can be passed from one person to another.
Transmission of HIV
HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes, and from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. HIV is not spread through saliva, sweat, or tears.
Signs and Symptoms of HIV
The signs and symptoms of HIV vary from person to person and may not appear for many years after a person is infected. Common signs and symptoms include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and a skin rash.
Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV
HIV is diagnosed through a blood test. If a person tests positive for HIV, they should seek medical care and treatment. Treatment for HIV includes antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medicines that can help reduce the amount of virus in the body and improve the person’s immune system. Treatment can help people with HIV live longer and healthier lives.