End stage ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive form of inflammatory arthritis that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is a form of spondyloarthritis, a group of disorders that cause inflammation of the spine and joints. End stage AS is the most severe form of the disorder. It is characterized by severe pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility in the spine and other areas of the body.
Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Ankylosing Spondylitis
The primary symptom of end stage AS is severe pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility in the spine and other areas. Symptoms may include:
• Severe back pain
• Stiffness in the spine and other joints
• Loss of mobility in the spine, hips, shoulders, and other joints
• Difficulty walking or standing
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Poor posture
• Difficulty breathing
• Joint deformity
• Osteoporosis
• Anemia
Diagnosis and Treatment of End Stage Ankylosing Spondylitis
Diagnosis of end stage AS typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Treatment typically involves medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Medications may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy may include stretching, strengthening, and other exercises to improve mobility and reduce pain. Lifestyle modifications may include rest, stress reduction, and exercise. Surgery may be needed to correct joint deformities or to stabilize the spine.
Living With End Stage Ankylosing Spondylitis
Living with end stage AS can be challenging, but there are ways to manage the condition and maintain quality of life. It is important to adhere to the prescribed treatment plan, including medications and physical therapy. Regular exercise, stress reduction, and adequate rest are also important. Additionally, supportive devices, such as braces and splints, may be helpful.