Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune disorder caused by the body’s immune system attacking and destroying the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in a complete lack of insulin, which is necessary for the body to be able to metabolize glucose, or sugar, for energy. Without insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels and the symptoms of diabetes.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have identified a number of genetic markers that appear to be linked to the development of type 1 diabetes, including certain HLA genes, which control the body’s immune system response. It is thought that a virus or other environmental trigger may interact with these genetic markers to cause the body’s immune system to attack and destroy the insulin-producing cells.
Type 1 diabetes is not preventable, but it can be controlled with diet, exercise, and insulin injections. With proper care and monitoring, people with type 1 diabetes can live long, healthy lives.