Carotid artery disease, also known as carotid artery stenosis, is a condition that occurs when the carotid arteries (the major vessels that supply blood to the head and neck) become narrowed or blocked. This can be due to the buildup of plaque, a waxy substance composed of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances. The resulting narrowing or blockage of the carotid arteries can reduce or even block the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke.
Carotid artery disease is most often associated with other risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and obesity. It is also more common in people over the age of 65 or those with a family history of the condition. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors, such as lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet, can increase the risk for carotid artery disease.
The most common symptom of carotid artery disease is transient ischemic attack, or TIA, which is a temporary stroke-like episode that causes temporary paralysis, numbness, and vision loss. If left untreated, a TIA can lead to a full-blown stroke. Other signs and symptoms of carotid artery disease may include headaches, dizziness, confusion, and difficulty speaking.
Due to the serious nature of carotid artery disease, it is important to be aware of any potential risk factors and to seek medical attention if any of the above symptoms are experienced. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of stroke and other serious complications.