Anorexia nervosa, commonly known as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's body weight. People with anorexia will often restrict their food intake and overexercise in an attempt to lose weight. It is estimated that up to 1% of the population is affected by anorexia and it is most common in young women.
Causes of Anorexia
The exact cause of anorexia is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Biological factors may include genetics, hormones, and neurochemicals. Psychological factors may include low self-esteem, perfectionism, difficulty expressing emotions, and difficulty dealing with stress. Environmental factors may include cultural pressure to be thin, media influence, and family dynamics.
Symptoms of Anorexia
The most obvious symptom of anorexia is an abnormally low body weight, but there are other signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of an eating disorder. These include extreme weight loss, extreme fear of gaining weight, and distorted perceptions of body weight. Other symptoms may include preoccupation with food, excessive exercising, food rituals, and withdrawal from social activities.
Treatment of Anorexia
Treatment for anorexia typically involves a combination of therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and nutrition therapy. Medications may also be used in some cases. Treatment is often a long process and requires a lot of commitment from the patient and their family. The goal is to help the patient develop healthy eating habits and gain a better understanding of their body image.