Hemolytic diseases are a group of conditions that are characterized by the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). Examples of hemolytic diseases include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, pyruvate kinase deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule, which is found in red blood cells (RBCs). This abnormality causes the RBCs to become sickle-shaped and unable to transport oxygen efficiently throughout the body. Symptoms of sickle cell anemia include anemia, episodes of pain, fatigue, and stroke.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is another inherited disorder of the hemoglobin molecule. It is characterized by an abnormal production of the hemoglobin molecule, which results in anemia, jaundice, and an enlarged spleen. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the type of thalassemia.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the pyruvate kinase enzyme. This mutation results in an inability to produce enough of this enzyme, resulting in a buildup of certain metabolites in the blood. Symptoms of pyruvate kinase deficiency include anemia, jaundice, and fatigue.
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the red blood cell membrane. This mutation results in red blood cells that are shaped like spheres, rather than the normal disc-like shape. Symptoms of hereditary spherocytosis include anemia, jaundice, and fatigue.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an acquired disorder caused by the body's immune system attacking its own red blood cells. This can result in anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive drugs to help reduce the attack on the red blood cells.
